- Originally published on the Bartitsu.org site on Sunday, 25th August 2013
Click here for a PDF of Oliver Lang’s 2011 German-language article on Bartitsu for Schwert & Klinge magazine, featuring technical demonstrations by Stefan Dieke.
The new documentary No Bois Man No Fraid explores the stick fighting art of kalinda as a vibrant modern martial art with roots embedded deeply in Trinidadian and African cultures. Kalinda also has an intriguing connection with Herbert Gordon Lang’s Walking Stick Method of Self Defence, as put forth in his book of that title, which was published in 1923.
At that time, Lang was a senior officer in the Indian police force and he hoped to institute his system of stick fighting as a key aspect of police training, while also noting its potential as a method of civilian self defence.
In his Introduction, Lang noted that:
The System has been carefully built up after several years’ thought and demonstration, and combines a method devised by a Frenchman, Vigui (sic), of which, little is now heard, together with the stick play of tribes of negroes on certain of the West India Islands, called “Bois.”
Additions and ameliorations have been made as the result of experience and close practice under varying circumstances.
Although the actual historical connection between H.G. Lang and Pierre Vigny remains frustratingly unclear, Lang’s book represents the most detailed exposition of Vigny’s unusual method of stick fighting, which had earlier been incorporated into the curriculum of Bartitsu.
Lang was born in Grenada, West Indies, on December 3, 1887. It’s possible that he studied bois there as a teenager and later melded that style with what he learned of the Vigny system.
The Creole term “bois” (“wood”, or “stick”, also “bois-bataille”, etc.) was historically applied to stickfighting in both Grenada and Trinidad. While actual stick combat was successfully banned in Grenada, “bois” is still practiced there as a folk dance. However, as shown in No Bois Man No Fraid, the combat system has been perpetuated in Trinidad via the carnival traditions.
Thus, it’s likely that Trinidadian kalinda (a.k.a. bois, kalenda, calinda, etc.) is very close to what Lang might have added to the Vigny method.
A short video showing some technical stick sparring from the 2012 Bartitsu School of Arms.
In this type of sparring, the mask, gloves, forearms, thighs and calves are all legal targets. Stick strikes and thrusts as well as unarmed strikes, weapon traps/disarms and standing grappling may all be employed.
Fighters are encouraged to experiment with variations on the standard high guards, for example by lowering the guards as positions of invitation. They may acknowledge hits verbally and/or gesturally, but the emphasis is on continual action.
The weapons are 3/4″ diameter, 36″ rattan sparring canes from Purpleheart Armory, equipped with solid rubber ball handles to simulate the steel ball handles of real Bartitsu canes. The asymmetrical balance of the cane is a key factor in Bartitsu stick fighting.
Florence “Flossie” Le Mar was a pioneering advocate of jujitsu as feminist self defence.
Flossie and her husband, professional wrestler and showman Joe Gardiner, toured vaudeville theatres throughout New Zealand prior to the First World War. Their signature act showed audiences how a Lady might fell an aggressive Hooligan in any number of ways. According to a 1913 poem promoting the vaudeville act:
In ‘The Hooligan and Lady’, they are smart, clean, clever, straight.
No act in this world is better – fast, and strictly up-to-date.
This act[’s] a small-sized drama – constructed round Jitsu
A Japanese discovery, wherein they show to you,
How it’s possible for a lady, when molested by a cad,
Maybe tackled by a robber, in fact, any man that’s bad,
Can hold her own against him and quickly put him through,
When she knows the locks and holds – pertaining to the art Jitsu.So clever is the lady that when the tough with pistol, knife
And bludgeon tries to rough her and mayhap take her life,
Like lightning-flash she meets him and quickly stays his hand,
By tumbling him hard earthwards – I tell you it is grand –
And proves to me and all here what women folk can do
When attacked, if they but study Miss Le Mar at Ju Jitsu.
These techniques were also explained and illustrated in Flossie’s book, The Life and Adventures of Miss Florence Le Mar, the World’s Famous Ju-Jitsu Girl, which is undoubtedly one of the rarest and strangest self defence manuals ever written.
In addition to jujitsu lessons, Flossie’s book offered a great deal of feminist polemic and a series of very tall tales describing her hair-raising adventures as the “World’s Famous Ju-Jitsu Girl”, taking on desperadoes including opium smugglers in Sydney, crooked gamblers in New York City and an English “lunatic” who believed he was a bear. In each story, Flossie the Jujitsu Girl defends the weak and innocent and punishes villains through her mastery of the martial arts.
Though not without charm, these short stories have the sharp corners and hard edges typical of early 20th century dime novels. They are also undeniably theatrical and, in combination with Flossie’s biography and her fierce feminism, inspired the production of a play, The Hooligan and the Lady, which was a hit at the 2011 New Zealand Fringe Festival.
Flossie’s adventurous “Ju-Jitsu Girl” persona is also among the key characters in the upcoming graphic novel trilogy Mrs. Pankhurst’s Amazons. In the story, Flossie Le Mar is a member of a secret society of radical suffragettes known as the Amazons, who protect the leaders of their movement from arrest and assault.
Mrs. Pankhurst’s Amazons is due to be published in early 2014 by Jet City Comics, a new imprint of Amazon Publishing.
Visitors to this weekend’s Jet City Comics exposition in Tacoma, WA will get a sneak peek at some of the artwork for Mrs. Pankhurst’s Amazons, the upcoming graphic novel trilogy written by Tony Wolf and illustrated by Yasmin Liang.
Although a work of adventure fiction, Mrs. Pankhurst’s Amazons is closely inspired by the historically real Bodyguard unit of the radical Suffragette movement; a secret society of female martial artists who defended their leaders, Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst, from arrest and assault.
In this new interview featured on Amazon.com’s Kindle Daily Post blog, fantasy author Mark Teppo drops a hint on the cryptic connection between Arthurian myth and Miss Persephone Wright, the protagonist of Mrs. Pankhurst’s Amazons:
In our initial presentation of the Foreworld Saga, our focus has been on the heretofore neglected martial arts of the West. We have sought to bring to life the rich and varied fighting arts that are now being rediscovered and enthusiastically explored by numerous study groups around the world. But our underlying foundation of Foreworld has always been a crypto-pagan mythic structure. One that Percival glimpsed a portion of during his experience in the woods; one that lay underneath the life and death of Genghis Khan. And now, with Katabasis and Siege Perilous, the remaining two volumes of the Mongoliad Cycle, the mystery of the sprig and the cup come to the forefront. It all hinges on the knight for all seasons—the singular one born of every generation: Percival, the knight of the Grail.
It doesn’t end here, either. Next year, Mrs. Pankhurst’s Amazons, a graphic serial written by Tony Wolf and drawn by Yasmin Liang, will be released. It takes place in Victorian England and stars Mr. Bartitsu himself, Edward Barton-Wright, and his liberated niece Persephone Wright — “Persi” as she is known to her friends . . .